ryujinx/src/Ryujinx.Cpu/Jit/MemoryManagerHostMapped.cs

using ARMeilleure.Memory;
using Ryujinx.Memory;
using Ryujinx.Memory.Range;
using Ryujinx.Memory.Tracking;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;

namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.Jit
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Represents a CPU memory manager which maps guest virtual memory directly onto a host virtual region.
    /// </summary>
    public sealed class MemoryManagerHostMapped : VirtualMemoryManagerRefCountedBase<ulong, ulong>, IMemoryManager, IVirtualMemoryManagerTracked, IWritableBlock
    {
        private readonly InvalidAccessHandler _invalidAccessHandler;
        private readonly bool _unsafeMode;

        private readonly AddressSpace _addressSpace;

        private readonly PageTable<ulong> _pageTable;

        private readonly MemoryEhMeilleure _memoryEh;

        private readonly ManagedPageFlags _pages;

        /// <inheritdoc/>
        public bool Supports4KBPages => MemoryBlock.GetPageSize() == PageSize;

        public int AddressSpaceBits { get; }

        public IntPtr PageTablePointer => _addressSpace.Base.Pointer;

        public MemoryManagerType Type => _unsafeMode ? MemoryManagerType.HostMappedUnsafe : MemoryManagerType.HostMapped;

        public MemoryTracking Tracking { get; }

        public event Action<ulong, ulong> UnmapEvent;

        protected override ulong AddressSpaceSize { get; }

        /// <summary>
        /// Creates a new instance of the host mapped memory manager.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="addressSpace">Address space instance to use</param>
        /// <param name="unsafeMode">True if unmanaged access should not be masked (unsafe), false otherwise.</param>
        /// <param name="invalidAccessHandler">Optional function to handle invalid memory accesses</param>
        public MemoryManagerHostMapped(AddressSpace addressSpace, bool unsafeMode, InvalidAccessHandler invalidAccessHandler)
        {
            _addressSpace = addressSpace;
            _pageTable = new PageTable<ulong>();
            _invalidAccessHandler = invalidAccessHandler;
            _unsafeMode = unsafeMode;
            AddressSpaceSize = addressSpace.AddressSpaceSize;

            ulong asSize = PageSize;
            int asBits = PageBits;

            while (asSize < AddressSpaceSize)
            {
                asSize <<= 1;
                asBits++;
            }

            AddressSpaceBits = asBits;

            _pages = new ManagedPageFlags(AddressSpaceBits);

            Tracking = new MemoryTracking(this, (int)MemoryBlock.GetPageSize(), invalidAccessHandler);
            _memoryEh = new MemoryEhMeilleure(_addressSpace.Base, _addressSpace.Mirror, Tracking);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Ensures the combination of virtual address and size is part of the addressable space and fully mapped.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="va">Virtual address of the range</param>
        /// <param name="size">Size of the range in bytes</param>
        private void AssertMapped(ulong va, ulong size)
        {
            if (!ValidateAddressAndSize(va, size) || !_pages.IsRangeMapped(va, size))
            {
                throw new InvalidMemoryRegionException($"Not mapped: va=0x{va:X16}, size=0x{size:X16}");
            }
        }

        /// <inheritdoc/>
        public void Map(ulong va, ulong pa, ulong size, MemoryMapFlags flags)
        {
            AssertValidAddressAndSize(va, size);

            _addressSpace.Map(va, pa, size, flags);
            _pages.AddMapping(va, size);
            PtMap(va, pa, size);

            Tracking.Map(va, size);
        }

        /// <inheritdoc/>
        public void MapForeign(ulong va, nuint hostPointer, ulong size)
        {
            throw new NotSupportedException();
        }

        /// <inheritdoc/>
        public void Unmap(ulong va, ulong size)
        {
            AssertValidAddressAndSize(va, size);

            UnmapEvent?.Invoke(va, size);
            Tracking.Unmap(va, size);

            _pages.RemoveMapping(va, size);
            PtUnmap(va, size);
            _addressSpace.Unmap(va, size);
        }

        private void PtMap(ulong va, ulong pa, ulong size)
        {
            while (size != 0)
            {
                _pageTable.Map(va, pa);

                va += PageSize;
                pa += PageSize;
                size -= PageSize;
            }
        }

        private void PtUnmap(ulong va, ulong size)
        {
            while (size != 0)
            {
                _pageTable.Unmap(va);

                va += PageSize;
                size -= PageSize;
            }
        }

        /// <inheritdoc/>
        public T Read<T>(ulong va) where T : unmanaged
        {
            try
            {
                AssertMapped(va, (ulong)Unsafe.SizeOf<T>());

                return _addressSpace.Mirror.Read<T>(va);
            }
            catch (InvalidMemoryRegionException)
            {
                if (_invalidAccessHandler == null || !_invalidAccessHandler(va))
                {
                    throw;
                }

                return default;
            }
        }

        /// <inheritdoc/>
        public T ReadTracked<T>(ulong va) where T : unmanaged
        {
            try
            {
                SignalMemoryTracking(va, (ulong)Unsafe.SizeOf<T>(), false);

                return Read<T>(va);
            }
            catch (InvalidMemoryRegionException)
            {
                if (_invalidAccessHandler == null || !_invalidAccessHandler(va))
                {
                    throw;
                }

                return default;
            }
        }

        /// <inheritdoc/>
        public override void Read(ulong va, Span<byte> data)
        {
            try
            {
                AssertMapped(va, (ulong)data.Length);

                _addressSpace.Mirror.Read(va, data);
            }
            catch (InvalidMemoryRegionException)
            {
                if (_invalidAccessHandler == null || !_invalidAccessHandler(va))
                {
                    throw;
                }
            }
        }


        /// <inheritdoc/>
        public void Write<T>(ulong va, T value) where T : unmanaged
        {
            try
            {
                SignalMemoryTracking(va, (ulong)Unsafe.SizeOf<T>(), write: true);

                _addressSpace.Mirror.Write(va, value);
            }
            catch (InvalidMemoryRegionException)
            {
                if (_invalidAccessHandler == null || !_invalidAccessHandler(va))
                {
                    throw;
                }
            }
        }

        /// <inheritdoc/>
        public void Write(ulong va, ReadOnlySpan<byte> data)
        {
            try
            {
                SignalMemoryTracking(va, (ulong)data.Length, write: true);

                _addressSpace.Mirror.Write(va, data);
            }
            catch (InvalidMemoryRegionException)
            {
                if (_invalidAccessHandler == null || !_invalidAccessHandler(va))
                {
                    throw;
                }
            }
        }

        /// <inheritdoc/>
        public void WriteUntracked(ulong va, ReadOnlySpan<byte> data)
        {
            try
            {
                AssertMapped(va, (ulong)data.Length);

                _addressSpace.Mirror.Write(va, data);
            }
            catch (InvalidMemoryRegionException)
            {
                if (_invalidAccessHandler == null || !_invalidAccessHandler(va))
                {
                    throw;
                }
            }
        }

        /// <inheritdoc/>
        public bool WriteWithRedundancyCheck(ulong va, ReadOnlySpan<byte> data)
        {
            try
            {
                SignalMemoryTracking(va, (ulong)data.Length, false);

                Span<byte> target = _addressSpace.Mirror.GetSpan(va, data.Length);
                bool changed = !data.SequenceEqual(target);

                if (changed)
                {
                    data.CopyTo(target);
                }

                return changed;
            }
            catch (InvalidMemoryRegionException)
            {
                if (_invalidAccessHandler == null || !_invalidAccessHandler(va))
                {
                    throw;
                }

                return true;
            }
        }

        /// <inheritdoc/>
        public ReadOnlySpan<byte> GetSpan(ulong va, int size, bool tracked = false)
        {
            if (tracked)
            {
                SignalMemoryTracking(va, (ulong)size, write: false);
            }
            else
            {
                AssertMapped(va, (ulong)size);
            }

            return _addressSpace.Mirror.GetSpan(va, size);
        }

        /// <inheritdoc/>
        public WritableRegion GetWritableRegion(ulong va, int size, bool tracked = false)
        {
            if (tracked)
            {
                SignalMemoryTracking(va, (ulong)size, true);
            }
            else
            {
                AssertMapped(va, (ulong)size);
            }

            return _addressSpace.Mirror.GetWritableRegion(va, size);
        }

        /// <inheritdoc/>
        public ref T GetRef<T>(ulong va) where T : unmanaged
        {
            SignalMemoryTracking(va, (ulong)Unsafe.SizeOf<T>(), true);

            return ref _addressSpace.Mirror.GetRef<T>(va);
        }

        /// <inheritdoc/>
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public bool IsMapped(ulong va)
        {
            return ValidateAddress(va) && _pages.IsMapped(va);
        }

        /// <inheritdoc/>
        public bool IsRangeMapped(ulong va, ulong size)
        {
            AssertValidAddressAndSize(va, size);

            return _pages.IsRangeMapped(va, size);
        }

        /// <inheritdoc/>
        public IEnumerable<HostMemoryRange> GetHostRegions(ulong va, ulong size)
        {
            AssertValidAddressAndSize(va, size);

            return Enumerable.Repeat(new HostMemoryRange((nuint)(ulong)_addressSpace.Mirror.GetPointer(va, size), size), 1);
        }

        /// <inheritdoc/>
        public IEnumerable<MemoryRange> GetPhysicalRegions(ulong va, ulong size)
        {
            int pages = GetPagesCount(va, (uint)size, out va);

            var regions = new List<MemoryRange>();

            ulong regionStart = GetPhysicalAddressChecked(va);
            ulong regionSize = PageSize;

            for (int page = 0; page < pages - 1; page++)
            {
                if (!ValidateAddress(va + PageSize))
                {
                    return null;
                }

                ulong newPa = GetPhysicalAddressChecked(va + PageSize);

                if (GetPhysicalAddressChecked(va) + PageSize != newPa)
                {
                    regions.Add(new MemoryRange(regionStart, regionSize));
                    regionStart = newPa;
                    regionSize = 0;
                }

                va += PageSize;
                regionSize += PageSize;
            }

            regions.Add(new MemoryRange(regionStart, regionSize));

            return regions;
        }

        private ulong GetPhysicalAddressChecked(ulong va)
        {
            if (!IsMapped(va))
            {
                ThrowInvalidMemoryRegionException($"Not mapped: va=0x{va:X16}");
            }

            return GetPhysicalAddressInternal(va);
        }

        private ulong GetPhysicalAddressInternal(ulong va)
        {
            return _pageTable.Read(va) + (va & PageMask);
        }

        /// <inheritdoc/>
        /// <remarks>
        /// This function also validates that the given range is both valid and mapped, and will throw if it is not.
        /// </remarks>
        public void SignalMemoryTracking(ulong va, ulong size, bool write, bool precise = false, int? exemptId = null)
        {
            AssertValidAddressAndSize(va, size);

            if (precise)
            {
                Tracking.VirtualMemoryEvent(va, size, write, precise: true, exemptId);
                return;
            }

            _pages.SignalMemoryTracking(Tracking, va, size, write, exemptId);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Computes the number of pages in a virtual address range.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="va">Virtual address of the range</param>
        /// <param name="size">Size of the range</param>
        /// <param name="startVa">The virtual address of the beginning of the first page</param>
        /// <remarks>This function does not differentiate between allocated and unallocated pages.</remarks>
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        private static int GetPagesCount(ulong va, ulong size, out ulong startVa)
        {
            // WARNING: Always check if ulong does not overflow during the operations.
            startVa = va & ~(ulong)PageMask;
            ulong vaSpan = (va - startVa + size + PageMask) & ~(ulong)PageMask;

            return (int)(vaSpan / PageSize);
        }

        /// <inheritdoc/>
        public void Reprotect(ulong va, ulong size, MemoryPermission protection)
        {
            // TODO
        }

        /// <inheritdoc/>
        public void TrackingReprotect(ulong va, ulong size, MemoryPermission protection, bool guest)
        {
            if (guest)
            {
                _addressSpace.Base.Reprotect(va, size, protection, false);
            }
            else
            {
                _pages.TrackingReprotect(va, size, protection);
            }
        }

        /// <inheritdoc/>
        public RegionHandle BeginTracking(ulong address, ulong size, int id, RegionFlags flags = RegionFlags.None)
        {
            return Tracking.BeginTracking(address, size, id, flags);
        }

        /// <inheritdoc/>
        public MultiRegionHandle BeginGranularTracking(ulong address, ulong size, IEnumerable<IRegionHandle> handles, ulong granularity, int id, RegionFlags flags = RegionFlags.None)
        {
            return Tracking.BeginGranularTracking(address, size, handles, granularity, id, flags);
        }

        /// <inheritdoc/>
        public SmartMultiRegionHandle BeginSmartGranularTracking(ulong address, ulong size, ulong granularity, int id)
        {
            return Tracking.BeginSmartGranularTracking(address, size, granularity, id);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Disposes of resources used by the memory manager.
        /// </summary>
        protected override void Destroy()
        {
            _addressSpace.Dispose();
            _memoryEh.Dispose();
        }

        protected override Span<byte> GetPhysicalAddressSpan(ulong pa, int size)
            => _addressSpace.Mirror.GetSpan(pa, size);

        protected override ulong TranslateVirtualAddressForRead(ulong va)
            => va;
    }
}